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5.8 Religion The evidence exploring the effect of religion and alcohol use in young people is mainly restricted to college students based in the USA. The general consensus is that a religious affiliation reduces alcohol consumption in students however there is conflicting evidence as to what degree and which religion provides the greatest protection. It is suggested that depth of religious commi..

5.6 Academic performance 학업 성취 Loveland-Cherry (2005) reports that school attachment and receiving good grades have been associated with less adolescent alcohol use, while absenteeism and poor grades are associated with early initiation and increased levels of alcohol use. Perkins et al. (2002) found that male students who drank more than 5 drinks, and female students that drank more than 4 drin..

5.4 Alcohol and other drug use There has been discussion about the idea that one substance may represent a ‘gateway’ to other substances. Saltz and Elandt (1986) found that college students who used alcohol were more likely to use cannabis and to hold approving views about its use than their abstaining peers. Boyd, McCabe and Morales (2005) found some evidence that a relationship existed between..

5.3 Peer Groups 동료 집단의 영향 Engels (2003) considered the issue of adolescent alcohol use from a developmental perspective, in which young people attempted to seek greater autonomy from parents as they mature which heightens their integration with (and an increased influence of) peer groups. Evidence suggests that increased alcohol use is associated with adolescents spending more time on social act..

5.2 Family effects of children’s drinking 조기 음주가 가족에 미치는 영향 The majority of reviews concurred with the conclusion that parental alcoholism increases the probability of problem drinking and even chemical dependency in children. In addition, it had been suggested that sibling and grandparental alcoholism also increased the risk of alcoholism in the children. However, recent work has reported mixed..

5. Findings - Social 사회적 측면에서의 발견 5.1 Age of first drinking 처음으로 음주를 시작하는 나이 원인 Most young people are introduced to alcohol by their parents and the majority of young people have had an alcoholic drink before the age of 16. Drinking at home under parental supervision often began in childhood. Coleman and Carter (2003) reported that the first experiences of drinking alcohol usually occurred betwe..

4.5 Personality 성향 Young people who drink in great quantities on a regular basis and who experience more negative consequences as a result of their drinking are more likely to be classified as impulsive, dominant, tough-minded, extraverted and sensation, pleasure or novelty seeking individuals. Such individuals have also been characterised as showing disinhibition, deviancy, rebelliousness and l..

Neurocognitive effects and risks 신경인지적 효과와 위험 Adolescents have been found to be less vulnerable than adults to impairment of motor performance by alcohol and as a result have a tendency to drink much more than normal adults and achieve much higher blood alcohol concentrations before becoming incapacitated. Also the sedative effect of alcohol appears to be less profound in adolescents compared to..

4.3 Effect on brain development 뇌 발달에의 영향 Adolescence is a period of significant brain maturation. In the second decade, brain functioning is enhanced by active myelination (where nerve fibres acquire a complex lipoprotein sheath) and the removal of redundant synaptic connections in the prefrontal cortex and limbic system. The prefrontal cortex, which decreases in volume as it matures, governs s..

Chronic health problems 만성 건강 문제 It is widely known that prolonged alcohol abuse has numerous longer-term harmful health effects and adolescents are not immune to these risks. Zeigler et al. (2005) reported a comprehensive exploration of the deleterious physiological effect of drinking at a young age. In common with earlier work, these authors found that while chronic diseases are relatively unc..